Ion Radical Organic Chemistry Principles and Applications , 2nd Edition by Zory Vlad Todres in pdf

 Ion Radical Organic Chemistry Principles and Applications , 2nd Edition by Zory Vlad Todres in pdf

this is the book Ion Radical Organic Chemistry Principles and Applications , 2nd Edition in pdf written  by Zory Vlad Todres, published by CRC Press, 2008  of professors of  science faculties  universities  .

   

Information about the book

Language of the book: English language

Book Title: Ion Radical Organic Chemistry Principles and Applications , 2nd Edition

Scriptwriter: by Zory Vlad Todres

Year of printing:   CRC Press, 2008

File Format:PDF

Number of chapters: 26 CHAPTER

Number of pages: 492 pages

File Size: 18,89 MB

Contents

Nature of Organic Ion-Radicals and Their Ground-State Electronic Structure

Introduction

Unusual Features

Substituent Effects

Connections between Ion-Radical Reactivity and Electronic Structure of Ion-Radical Products

Bridge-Effect Peculiarities 

Acid–Base Properties of Organic Ion-Radicals 

Anion-Radicals 

Anion-Radical Basicity 

Pathways of Hydrogen Detachment from Anion-Radicals

Cation-Radicals

Cation-Radical Acidity

Cation-Radical Basicity

Cation-Radicals as Acceptors or Donors of Hydrogen Atoms

Metallocomplex Ion-Radicals

Metallocomplex Anion-Radicals

Metallocomplex Cation-Radicals 

Bridge Effect in Metallocomplex Ion-Radicals

Charge-Transfer Coordination to Metallocomplex Ion-Radicals

Organic Ion-Radicals with Several Unpaired Electrons or Charges

Polymeric Ion-Radicals

Inorganic Ion-Radicals in Reactions with Organic Substrates 

Superoxide Ion

Reactions of Superoxide Ion with Organic H Acids 

Reactions of Superoxide Ion with Organic Electrophiles

Superoxide Ion in Reactions with Biological Objects 

Superoxide Ion–Ozone Anion-Radical Relation 

Atomic Oxygen Anion-Radical

Molecular Oxygen Cation-Radical

Carbon Dioxide Anion-Radical

Carbonate Radical

Sulfur Dioxide Anion-Radical 

Sulfite Radical 

Sulfate Radical 

Hydroxide Anion

Nitrosonium and Nitronium Ions

Tris(aryl)amine and Thianthrene Cation-Radicals

Trialkyloxonium Hexachloroantimonates

Transition Metal Ions

Conclusion

References 

Formation of Organic Ion-Radicals

Introduction

Chemical Methods of Organic Ion-Radical Preparation

Anion-Radicals

Cation-Radicals

Carbenoid Ion-Radicals

Equilibria in Liquid-Phase Electron-Transfer Reactions

Electrochemical Methods versus Chemical Methods

Charge-Transfer Phenomena

Template Effects 

Adsorption Phenomena 

Stereochemical Phenomena 

Concentration Effects on the Fate of Ion-Radicals at Electrodes and in Solutions 

Aggregation of Ion-Radical Salts 

Direct Influence on Electron-Transfer Equilibrium 

Electron-Transfer Reactions with Participation of Ion-Radical Aggregates

Kinetic and Mechanistic Differences between Electrode and Chemical (Homogeneous) Ion-Radical Dimerization 

Formation of Organic Ion-Radicals in Living Organisms 

Isotope-Containing Organic Compounds as Ion-Radical Precursors 

Kinetic Isotope Effects in Electron-Transfer Reactions 

Behavior of Isotope Mixtures in Electron-Transfer Reactions

Organic Ion-Radicals in Solid Phases

Organic Ion-Radicals in Frozen Solutions

Organic Ion-Radical as Constituents of Solid Salts 

Formation and Behavior of Ion-Radicals within Confines 

Micellar Media 

Porous Media 

Capsule Media 

Conclusion 

References  

Electronic Structure–Reactivity Relationship in Ion-Radical Organic Chemistry 

Introduction 

Principle of “Detained” Electron That Controls Ion-Radical Reactivity 

Frontier-Orbital Control 

Steric Control over Spin Delocalization 

Unpaired Electron Localization in the Field of Two or More Atoms 

Spin–Charge Separation (Distonic Stabilization of Ion-Radicals) 

Distonic Stabilization of Anion-Radicals 

Distonic Stabilization of Cation-Radicals

Ion-Pair Formation 

Detention of Unpaired Electron in a Framework of One Specific Molecular Fragment 

Formation of Closed Contour for Unpaired Electron Delocalization 

Principle of “Released” Electron that Controls Ion-Radical Reactivity 

Effects of Spread Conjugation in Ion-Radicals Derived from Molecules with Large Contours of Delocalization 

Spin Delocalization in Ion-Radicals Derived from Molecules of Increased Dimensionality 

Biomedical Aspects of Ion-Radical Organic Chemistry 

Cation-Radical Damage in Deoxyribonucleic Acid 

Ionization Potentials of Carcinogens 

Localization of Charges and Spins in Cation-Radicals of Carcinogens 

On Geometrical and Spatial Factors Governing the Behavior of Ion-Radicals in Biological Systems 

Ion-Radical Repair of Damaged Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Cation-Radical Intermediates in Metabolism of Furan Xenobiotics 

Behavior of Anion-Radicals in Living Organisms 

Conclusion 

References 

Discerning Mechanism of Ion-Radical Organic Reactions

Introduction

Why Do Reactions Choose Ion-Radical Mechanism?

Chemical Approaches to Identification of Ion-Radical Organic Reactions

Identification According to Structure of Final Products

Identification According to Correlation within Reaction Series 

Identification According to Disturbance of “Leaving-Group Strength” Correlation 

Kinetic Approaches to Identification of Ion-Radical Reactions 

Kinetic Isotope Effect 

Other Kinetic Approaches 

Positional Reactivity and Distribution of Spin Density in Substrate Ion-Radicals 

Identification by Methods of Chemical Probes

Initiation of Polymerization of Vinyl Additives

Method of Inhibitors

Method of Radical and Spin Traps

Physical Approaches to Identification of Ion-Radical Reactions 

Radiospectroscopy

Electron Spin Resonance Methods 

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Methods 

Optical Spectroscopy Methods

Electron Spectroscopy

Vibration Spectroscopy

Other Physical Methods

Magnetic Susceptibility

Mass Spectrometry

Electrochemical Modeling of Ion-Radical Reactions

X-Ray Diffraction 

Examples of Complex Approaches to Discernment of Ion-Radical Mechanism of Organic Reactions

Oxidative Polymerization of Anilines

Reactions of Hydroperoxides with Phosphites and Sulfides 

Ter Meer Reaction

Aromatic Nitration

System of HNO3 and H2SO4 with Catalytic Amounts of HNO2 

System of HNO3 and (CH3CO)2O 

System of NaNO2 and CF3SO3H 

Systems of Metal Nitrites with Oxidizers 

Systems of Metal Nitrates with Oxidizers

Systems with Tetranitromethane as Nitrating Agent 

Systems with Participation of Nitrogen Dioxide

Nitration and Hydroxylation by Peroxynitrite

Gas-Phase Nitration

Meerwein and Sandmeyer Reactions

Conclusion

References

Regulating Ion-Radical Organic Reactions

Introduction 

Physical Effects 

Effect of Light 

Effect of Electric Field 

Effect of Magnetic Field

Effect of Microwave Field 

Effect of Acoustic Field 

Effect of Mechanical Action 

Mechanochromism

Mechanopolymerization and Mechanolysis

Effect of Chemical Additives

Solvent Effects

Static Effects

General Solvation

Selective Solvation and Solute-Solvent Binding

Dynamic Effects 

Solvent Reorganization 

Solvent Polarity and Polarization

Solvent Internal Pressure

Solvent Conformational Transition

Solvent Temperature

Liquid Crystals and Ionic Liquids as Solvents

Salt Effects

Salt Effect on Spin Density Distribution

Salt-Cage Effect Interplay 

Salt Effect on Course of Ion-Radical Reactions 

Conclusion 

References 

Stereochemical Aspects of Ion-Radical Organic Reactions 

Introduction 

Problem of Steric Restrictions 

Reflection of the Ion-Radical Step in Reaction Steric Results

Conformational Transition of Ion-Radicals 

Space Structure and Skeletal Isomerization of Ion-Radicals 

Conclusion

References

Synthetic Opportunities of Ion-Radical Organic Chemistry

Introduction

Reductive and Oxidative Reactions

Transformation of Ethylenic Ion-Radicals

Anion-Radicals

Cation-Radicals 

Reduction of Ketones into Alcohols 

Preparation of Dihydroaromatics 

Synthetic Suitability of (Dialkylamino)benzene Cation-Radicals 

Ion-Radical Polymerization 

Anion-Radical Polymerization 

Cation-Radical Polymerization 

Formation of Linear Main Chains 

Formation of Cyclic and Branched Chains

Ring Closure 

Cation-Radical Ring Closure 

H-Acid Catalysis

Cation-Radical Mechanism

Anion-Radical Ring Closure

Ring Closure Involving Cation- and Anion-Radicals in Linked

Molecular Systems 

Ring Opening 

Fragmentation 

Selective Oxidation 

Selective Oxidation of Alkylbenzenes 

Selective Oxidation of Dimethylimidazole 

Cation-Radical Route to Group Deprotection 

Removal of Butoxycarbonyl Protective Group 

Removal of Methoxybenzyl Protective Group 

Removal of Trimethylsilyl Protective Group

Scission of Carbon–Carbon Bonds

Synthon-Influential Bond Scission

Bond Formation

Opportunities Associated with SRN1 Reactions

Substrate Structure 

Nature of Introducing Groups

Reaction Medium

Dark SRN1 Reactions 

Conclusion 

References 

Ion-Radical Organic Chemistry in Its Practical Applicability

Introduction

Organic Ion-Radicals in Microelectronics

Ion-radical Approach to Molecular Switches and Modulators

Cation-Radicals of Triarylamines in Optical-Recording Media

Ladder Polymerization of Fluoranthene-Based Cation-Radicals as Route to Electrochromic Materials

Organic Metals

Semiconductors 

Organic Magnets

Lubrication in Terms of Ion-Radical Organic Chemistry

Ion-Radical Organic Chemistry in Its Contributions to Wood Delignification and

Fossil-Fuel Desulfurization

Paper Fabrication 

Manufacture of Commercial Products from Delignification Wastes 

Desulfurization of Fossil Fuels 

Conclusion 

References 

General Outlook 

Importance of Ion-Radical Organic Chemistry 

Scientometric Notes 

Prospects

References

DOWNLOAD THE BOOK

Free download book Ion Radical Organic Chemistry Principles and Applications in pdf

P.S: Share the link with your friends

the download link is / are not working, kindly drop a comment below, so we'll update the download link for you